Traditional Sweet Delicacies of Makar Sankranti in Karnataka

Traditional Sweet Delicacies of Makar Sankranti in Karnataka

Makar Sankranti, celebrated with great fervour across India, marks the transition of the Sun into the zodiac sign of Capricorn (Makara). It signifies the end of winter and the beginning of longer days. In Karnataka, this festival is celebrated with vibrant rituals, kite flying, and an array of traditional sweet delicacies that reflect the rich culinary heritage of the region. These sweets, made with ingredients like jaggery, sesame seeds, and coconut, are not only delectable but also hold cultural and symbolic significance.

1. Ellu-Bella (Sesame and Jaggery Mix)

Ellu-Bella is the quintessential sweet associated with Makar Sankranti in Karnataka. The name itself translates to 'sesame and jaggery', which are the primary ingredients of this treat. It is a mixture of roasted sesame seeds, jaggery pieces, peanuts, dried coconut, and sometimes fried gram. The preparation of Ellu-Bella is simple yet meticulous, ensuring that each ingredient is cut into uniform, small pieces.

This sweet mix is traditionally exchanged among friends and family along with sugarcane and a piece of sugar candy, symbolising the bond of sweetness and togetherness. The act of sharing Ellu-Bella is accompanied by the phrase “Ellu Bella Thindu Olle Maathadi”, meaning “Eat the mixture of sesame seeds and jaggery and speak sweet words”.

2. Sakkare Acchu (Sugar Figurines)

Sakkare Acchu are beautiful, intricate sugar figurines made in various shapes like animals, flowers, and geometric patterns. These figurines are crafted using moulds and are made from sugar syrup that is boiled to the right consistency and then allowed to set in the moulds. Making Sakkare Acchu is a delicate process that requires precision and patience.

These sugar figurines are an integral part of the Makar Sankranti celebrations in Karnataka. They are often exchanged along with Ellu-Bella and other festive foods. The vibrant shapes and patterns of Sakkare Acchu make them particularly popular among children.

3. Obbattu/Holige (Sweet Flatbread)

Obbattu, also known as Holige or Puran Poli in other regions, is a sweet flatbread that holds a special place in the festive cuisine of Karnataka.

It is made by stuffing a dough made from maida (refined flour) with a sweet filling of chana dal (split chickpeas) and jaggery. The stuffed dough is then rolled out and cooked on a griddle with ghee until golden brown.

The preparation of Obbattu is a labour-intensive process that requires skill, especially in rolling out the dough to the right thickness without letting the filling ooze out. The result is a delicious, soft, and fragrant flatbread that is enjoyed by people of all ages. It is typically served with ghee or warm milk.

4. Yellu Unde (Sesame Laddus)

Yellu Unde, or sesame laddus, are another staple sweet during Makar Sankranti in Karnataka. These laddus are made by combining roasted sesame seeds with melted jaggery and forming them into small, round balls. Sometimes, crushed peanuts or dried coconut pieces are added to enhance the texture and flavour.

Sesame seeds and jaggery are known for their health benefits, especially in winter, as they provide warmth and energy. Yellu Unde is not only a tasty treat but also a nutritious snack that aligns with the festive and seasonal requirements.

5. Kajjaya (Rice Flour and Jaggery Fritters)

Kajjaya, also known as Adhirasam in Tamil Nadu, is a traditional sweet fritter made from rice flour and jaggery. The preparation involves soaking and grinding rice to make a fine flour, which is then mixed with a thick jaggery syrup.

This dough is shaped into small discs and deep-fried until they turn a beautiful golden brown.

Kajjaya has a slightly crisp exterior and a soft, chewy interior with a rich flavour of jaggery and a hint of cardamom. It is a beloved festive sweet in Karnataka, enjoyed by everyone for its unique taste and texture.

6. Chikki (Brittle)

Chikki, a popular traditional sweet across India, is also a favourite during Makar Sankranti in Karnataka. It is a type of brittle made with jaggery and various nuts and seeds. The most common varieties include peanut chikki and sesame chikki. The preparation involves boiling jaggery to a hard crack stage and then mixing it with roasted nuts or seeds before spreading it out to cool and harden.

Chikki is crunchy, sweet, and packed with the goodness of nuts and seeds. It is a convenient snack that can be stored for a long time, making it a perfect treat to share during the festive season.

7. Kesari Bath (Sweet Semolina Pudding)

Kesari Bath is a popular sweet dish in Karnataka, often prepared for various festivals, including Makar Sankranti. It is made from semolina (sooji), sugar, ghee, and flavoured with saffron or food colouring to give it a vibrant yellow hue. The dish is garnished with cashews and raisins, adding to its richness.

This sweet semolina pudding is easy to prepare and has a melt-in-the-mouth texture with a fragrant aroma of saffron and ghee. It is often served as a part of the festive meal and is loved by people of all ages.

Conclusion

Makar Sankranti in Karnataka is a festival that not only marks a significant astronomical event but also brings people together through its rich culinary traditions. The variety of sweets prepared during this festival reflects the region's cultural heritage and the importance of food in celebrations. Each sweet delicacy, from the simple yet symbolic Ellu-Bella to the intricate Sakkare Acchu, carries with it stories and traditions passed down through generations. These sweets are more than just treats; they are a way to strengthen bonds, share joy, and celebrate the essence of togetherness that Makar Sankranti embodies.